CARDIO BLD-FLOW RESEARCH
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Krรถncke KD, Fehsel K, Kolb-Bachofen V. Nitric oxide: cytotoxicity versus cytoprotection–how, why, when, and where? Nitric Oxide. 1997 Apr;1(2):107-20. doi: 10.1006/niox.1997.0118. PMID: 9701050.
Heart Disease Facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved May 28, 2021 from https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
Moncada, S., & Higgs, E. A. (2006). Nitric oxide and the vascular endothelium. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, (176 Pt 1), 213โ254. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32967-6_7
Hord N. G. (2011). Dietary nitrates, nitrites, and cardiovascular disease. Current atherosclerosis reports, 13(6), 484โ492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-011-0209-9
Siervo, M., Lara, J., Ogbonmwan, I., & Mathers, J. C. (2013). Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of nutrition, 143(6), 818โ826. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.170233
Siervo, M., Shannon, O., Kandhari, N., Prabhakar, M., Fostier, W., Kรถchl, C., Rogathi, J., Temu, G., Stephan, B., Gray, W. K., Haule, I., Paddick, S. M., Mmbaga, B. T., & Walker, R. (2020). Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Reduces Blood Pressure in Tanzanian Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. The Journal of nutrition, 150(9), 2460โ2468. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa170
Domรญnguez, R., Matรฉ-Muรฑoz, J. L., Cuenca, E., Garcรญa-Fernรกndez, P., Mata-Ordoรฑez, F., Lozano-Estevan, M. C., Veiga-Herreros, P., da Silva, S. F., & Garnacho-Castaรฑo, M. V. (2018). Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0204-9
Domรญnguez, R., Cuenca, E., Matรฉ-Muรฑoz, J. L., Garcรญa-Fernรกndez, P., Serra-Paya, N., Estevan, M. C., Herreros, P. V., & Garnacho-Castaรฑo, M. V. (2017). Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 9(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010043
Cuenca, E., Jodra, P., Pรฉrez-Lรณpez, A., Gonzรกlez-Rodrรญguez, L. G., Fernandes da Silva, S., Veiga-Herreros, P., & Domรญnguez, R. (2018). Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Performance and Fatigue in a 30-s All-Out Sprint Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind Cross-Over Study. Nutrients, 10(9), 1222. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091222
Bonilla Ocampo, D. A., Paipilla, A. F., Marรญn, E., Vargas-Molina, S., Petro, J. L., & Pรฉrez-Idรกrraga, A. (2018). Dietary Nitrate from Beetroot Juice for Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules, 8(4), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom8040134
Ajiboye, T. O., Salawu, N. A., Yakubu, M. T., Oladiji, A. T., Akanji, M. A., & Okogun, J. I. (2011). Antioxidant and drug detoxification potentials of Hibiscus sabdariffa anthocyanin extract. Drug and chemical toxicology, 34(2), 109โ115. https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2010.536767
Ochani, P. C., & D’Mello, P. (2009). Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. leaves and calyces extracts in rats. Indian journal of experimental biology, 47(4), 276โ282.
Mezni, A., Mhadhbi, L., Khazri, A., Sellami, B., Dellali, M., Mahmoudi, E., & Beyrem, H. (2020). The protective effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyxes extract against cypermethrin induced oxidative stress in mice. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 165, 104463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.09.007
Sinha, N., & Dabla, P. K. (2015). Oxidative stress and antioxidants in hypertension-a current review. Current hypertension reviews, 11(2), 132โ142. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402111666150529130922
Peoples, J. N., Saraf, A., Ghazal, N., Pham, T. T., & Kwong, J. Q. (2019). Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart disease. Experimental & molecular medicine, 51(12), 1โ13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-019-0355-7
Hopkins, A. L., Lamm, M. G., Funk, J. L., & Ritenbaugh, C. (2013). Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Fitoterapia, 85, 84โ94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.003
Zheoat, A. M., Gray, A. I., Igoli, J. O., Ferro, V. A., & Drummond, R. M. (2019). Hibiscus acid from Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) has a vasorelaxant effect on the rat aorta. Fitoterapia, 134, 5โ13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2019.01.012
Najafpour Boushehri, S., Karimbeiki, R., Ghasempour, S., Ghalishourani, S. S., Pourmasoumi, M., Hadi, A., Mbabazi, M., Pour, Z. K., Assarroudi, M., Mahmoodi, M., Khosravi, A., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., & Joukar, F. (2020). The efficacy of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 34(2), 329โ339. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6541
Abubakar, S. M., Ukeyima, M. T., Spencer, J., & Lovegrove, J. A. (2019). Acute Effects of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyces on Postprandial Blood Pressure, Vascular Function, Blood Lipids, Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Humans. Nutrients, 11(2), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020341
Hadi, A., Pourmasoumi, M., Kafeshani, M., Karimian, J., Maracy, M. R., & Entezari, M. H. (2017). The Effect of Green Tea and Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage in Athletes. Journal of dietary supplements, 14(3), 346โ357. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2016.1237400
Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Jalali-Khanabadi, B. A., Afkhami-Ardekani, M., & Fatehi, F. (2009). Effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profile and lipoproteins in patients with type II diabetes. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 15(8), 899โ903. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0540
Gurrola-Dรญaz, C. M., Garcรญa-Lรณpez, P. M., Sรกnchez-Enrรญquez, S., Troyo-Sanromรกn, R., Andrade-Gonzรกlez, I., & Gรณmez-Leyva, J. F. (2010). Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract powder and preventive treatment (diet) on the lipid profiles of patients with metabolic syndrome (MeSy). Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 17(7), 500โ505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.014
Aziz, Z., Wong, S. Y., & Chong, N. J. (2013). Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 150(2), 442โ450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.042
Lรผ, J. M., Yao, Q., & Chen, C. (2009). Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications. Current vascular pharmacology, 7(3), 293โ302. https://doi.org/10.2174/157016109788340767
Lee, Y. M., Yoon, H., Park, H. M., Song, B. C., & Yeum, K. J. (2017). Implications of red Panax ginseng in oxidative stress associated chronic diseases. Journal of ginseng research, 41(2), 113โ119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.003
Kim J. H. (2012). Cardiovascular Diseases and Panax ginseng: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications. Journal of ginseng research, 36(1), 16โ26. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.16
Lee, C. H., & Kim, J. H. (2014). A review on the medicinal potentials of ginseng and ginsenosides on cardiovascular diseases. Journal of ginseng research, 38(3), 161โ166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2014.03.001
McKay D. (2004). Nutrients and botanicals for erectile dysfunction: examining the evidence. Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic, 9(1), 4โ16.
Jang, D. J., Lee, M. S., Shin, B. C., Lee, Y. C., & Ernst, E. (2008). Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 66(4), 444โ450. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03236.x
Reay, J. L., Kennedy, D. O., & Scholey, A. B. (2005). Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 19(4), 357โ365. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881105053286
Choi, J., Kim, T. H., Choi, T. Y., & Lee, M. S. (2013). Ginseng for health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in Korean literature. PloS one, 8(4), e59978. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059978
Geng, J., Dong, J., Ni, H., Lee, M. S., Wu, T., Jiang, K., Wang, G., Zhou, A. L., & Malouf, R. (2010). Ginseng for cognition. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (12), CD007769. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007769.pub2
Mashhadi, N. S., Ghiasvand, R., Askari, G., Hariri, M., Darvishi, L., & Mofid, M. R. (2013). Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: review of current evidence. International journal of preventive medicine, 4(Suppl 1), S36โS42.
Wang, S., Zhang, C., Yang, G., & Yang, Y. (2014). Biological properties of 6-gingerol: a brief review. Natural product communications, 9(7), 1027โ1030.
What happens to the brain in Alzheimerโs Disease? NIH Institute on Aging. Retrieved May 28, 2021 from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease
Hussein, U. K., Hassan, N., Elhalwagy, M., Zaki, A. R., Abubakr, H. O., Nagulapalli Venkata, K. C., Jang, K. Y., & Bishayee, A. (2017). Ginger and Propolis Exert Neuroprotective Effects against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 22(11), 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111928
El-Akabawy, G., & El-Kholy, W. (2014). Neuroprotective effect of ginger in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft, 196(2-3), 119โ128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2014.01.003
Verma, S. K., Singh, M., Jain, P., & Bordia, A. (2004). Protective effect of ginger, Zingiber officinale Rosc on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Indian journal of experimental biology, 42(7), 736โ738.
Wang, J., Sjรถberg, S., Tang, T. T., Oรถrni, K., Wu, W., Liu, C., Secco, B., Tia, V., Sukhova, G. K., Fernandes, C., Lesner, A., Kovanen, P. T., Libby, P., Cheng, X., & Shi, G. P. (2014). Cathepsin G activity lowers plasma LDL and reduces atherosclerosis. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1842(11), 2174โ2183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.026
Working G. S. E. Memory of the post-menopause women. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2011;8(12):1241โ1248.
Gomar A., Hosseini A., Mirazi N. Memory enhancement by administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on morphine-induced memory impairment in male rats. Journal of Acute Disease. 2014;3(3):212โ217. doi: 10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60047-0.
Xiao, P., Zhang, K., Tao, Z., Liu, N., & Ge, B. (2017). Cardioprotective effect of Pycnogenol in ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 63(10), 49โ53. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.10.7
Liu, R., Fan, B., Cong, H., Ikuyama, S., Guan, H., & Gu, J. (2016). Pycnogenol Reduces Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Atherosclerosis Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 68(4), 292โ303. https://doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000415
Hadi, A., Pourmasoumi, M., Mohammadi, H., Javaheri, A., & Rouhani, M. H. (2019). The impact of pycnogenol supplementation on plasma lipids in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 33(2), 276โ287. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6234
Aydฤฑn, S., Bacanlฤฑ, M., Anlar, H. G., รal, T., Arฤฑ, N., รndeฤer Bucurgat, ร., Baลaran, A. A., & Baลaran, N. (2019). Preventive role of Pycnogenolยฎ against the hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in diabetic rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 124, 54โ63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.038
Gulati O. P. (2015). Pycnogenolยฎ in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 29(7), 949โ968. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5341
Kwak, C. J., Kubo, E., Fujii, K., Nishimura, Y., Kobuchi, S., Ohkita, M., Yoshimura, M., Kiso, Y., & Matsumura, Y. (2009). Antihypertensive effect of French maritime pine bark extract (Flavangenol): possible involvement of endothelial nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation. Journal of hypertension, 27(1), 92โ101. https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283186994
Vinciguerra, G., Belcaro, G., Bonanni, E., Cesarone, M. R., Rotondi, V., Ledda, A., Hosoi, M., Dugall, M., Cacchio, M., & Cornelli, U. (2013). Evaluation of the effects of supplementation with Pycnogenolยฎ on fitness in normal subjects with the Army Physical Fitness Test and in performances of athletes in the 100-minute triathlon. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 53(6), 644โ654.
Luzzi, R., Belcaro, G., Zulli, C., Cesarone, M. R., Cornelli, U., Dugall, M., Hosoi, M., & Feragalli, B. (2011). Pycnogenolยฎ supplementation improves cognitive function, attention and mental performance in students. Panminerva medica, 53(3 Suppl 1), 75โ82.
Belcaro, G., Luzzi, R., Dugall, M., Ippolito, E., & Saggino, A. (2014). Pycnogenolยฎ improves cognitive function, attention, mental performance and specific professional skills in healthy professionals aged 35-55. Journal of neurosurgical sciences, 58(4), 239โ248.
Belcaro, G., Luzzi, R., Dugall, M., Ippolito, E., & Saggino, A. (2014). Pycnogenolยฎ improves cognitive function, attention, mental performance and specific professional skills in healthy professionals aged 35-55. Journal of neurosurgical sciences, 58(4), 239โ248.
Zarezadeh, M., Baluchnejadmojarad, T., Kiasalari, Z., Afshin-Majd, S., & Roghani, M. (2017). Garlic active constituent s-allyl cysteine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in the rat: Possible involved mechanisms. European journal of pharmacology, 795, 13โ21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.051
Hosoi, M., Belcaro, G., Saggino, A., Luzzi, R., Dugall, M., & Feragalli, B. (2018). Pycnogenolยฎ supplementation in minimal cognitive dysfunction. Journal of neurosurgical sciences, 62(3), 279โ284. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0390-5616.18.04382-5
Stanislavov, R., & Rohdewald, P. (2015). Improvement of erectile function by a combination of French maritime pine bark and roburins with aminoacids. Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology, 67(1), 27โ32.
Weller, Richard & Wang, Yuedong & He, Jingyi & Maddux, Franklin & Usvyat, Len & Zhang, Hanjie & Feelisch, Martin & Kotanko, Peter. (2020). Does Incident Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Lower Blood Pressure?. Journal of the American Heart Association. 9. e013837. 10.1161/JAHA.119.013837.
Clark, J. L., Zahradka, P., & Taylor, C. G. (2015). Efficacy of flavonoids in the management of high blood pressure. Nutrition reviews, 73(12), 799โ822. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv048
Bleakley, C. M., & Davison, G. W. (2010). What is the biochemical and physiological rationale for using cold-water immersion in sports recovery? A systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 44(3), 179โ187. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.065565
Miyaji, A., Sugimori, K, et al. (2018). Short- and long-term effects of using a facial massage roller on facial blood flow and vascular reactivity. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 41. 271-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.009
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